In operant extinction, for example, a response declines because it is no longer followed by a reward. Thus, habituation must be distinguished from extinction, which is an associative process. Habituation is an example of non-associative learning in which one or more components of an innate response (e.g., response probability, response duration) to a stimulus diminishes when the stimulus is repeated.
5.1 Costs and benefits of learned and innate knowledge. 4.3 Psychological factors and teaching style. 4.2 Socioeconomic and physical conditions. 1.15 Nonformal learning and combined approaches. This has led to a view that learning in organisms is always related to semiosis, and often associated with representational systems/activity. For Vygotsky, however, play is the first form of learning language and communication, and the stage where a child begins to understand rules and symbols. Lev Vygotsky agrees that play is pivotal for children's development, since they make meaning of their environment through playing educational games. Children experiment with the world, learn the rules, and learn to interact through play. Play has been approached by several theorists as a form of learning. There is evidence for human behavioral learning prenatally, in which habituation has been observed as early as 32 weeks into gestation, indicating that the central nervous system is sufficiently developed and primed for learning and memory to occur very early on in development. Learning that an aversive event can't be avoided or escaped may result in a condition called learned helplessness. Learning may occur consciously or without conscious awareness. For example, learning may occur as a result of habituation, or classical conditioning, operant conditioning or as a result of more complex activities such as play, seen only in relatively intelligent animals. Research in such fields has led to the identification of various sorts of learning. with a shared interest in the topic of learning from safety events such as incidents/accidents, or in collaborative learning health systems ). The nature and processes involved in learning are studied in many established fields (including educational psychology, neuropsychology, experimental psychology, cognitive sciences, and pedagogy), as well as emerging fields of knowledge (e.g. 
) and continues until death as a consequence of ongoing interactions between people and their environment. Human learning starts at birth (it might even start before in terms of an embryo's need for both interaction with, and freedom within its environment within the womb. The changes induced by learning often last a lifetime, and it is hard to distinguish learned material that seems to be "lost" from that which cannot be retrieved. being burned by a hot stove), but much skill and knowledge accumulate from repeated experiences. Some learning is immediate, induced by a single event (e.g. The ability to learn is possessed by humans, animals, and some machines there is also evidence for some kind of learning in certain plants.
Learning is the process of acquiring new understanding, knowledge, behaviors, skills, values, attitudes, and preferences. Children learning in a rural school in Bangladesh
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